A nation of 80 million people, Egypt this week reached the cusp of revolutionary change. While the outbreak of mass protests may have been sudden and unforeseen, the grievances at the heart of the movement are far less mysterious.
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President Hosni Mubarak has controlled Egypt with authoritarian diligence since 1981. Rampant corruption, particularly nepotism, and economic mismanagement has generated a growing sense of resentment among ordinary Egyptians and perpetuated Egypt's mounting economic ills.
In just one example, Mubarak has long manipulated the government subsidies on food and fuel to maintain his popular support. These subsidies are inefficient and a drain on the Egyptian economy. It is not unusual for policy decisions to be driven by regime maintenance rather than the socio-economic needs of Egyptians.
During three decades of rule, Mubarak has amended constitutional dictates and molded the law to suit his regime. Opposition political parties must be endorsed by his bureaucracy, and presidential candidates need similar approval to run for election. In fact, direct presidential elections were only introduced in 2005.
Opposition groups are routinely harassed, repressed, even imprisoned to maintain the political dominance of Mubarak's National Democratic Party (NDP). The tightness of the political space has limited opposition, and this repression is now being avenged on the streets.
Although the protests have been unprecedented, it is unclear what the result will be. So far Mubarak has offered cosmetic concessions, such as the dismissal of the Egyptian cabinet and appointment of a vice-president. Egyptians are unimpressed and continue to call for Mubarak's departure.
The state police have been withdrawn and lawlessness has taken hold in Cairo and surrounding areas. Widespread looting is prompting individuals to arm themselves. Prison breakouts have occurred. A near freeze on food supplies is forcing Egyptians to queue for bread.
Many of these incidents appear to have been organised by the regime in an attempt to convince Egyptians life was better under Mubarak's rule. But the protestors have not faltered, and what is emerging is a stand-off between Mubarak and the people of Egypt.
Many believe the military is the sole force capable of taking control. It was a relief when the army appeared on the streets this week. Egyptians respect the military, due to its historical neutrality and the perception that it has Egypt's best interests at heart. This was reinforced this week by statements from the military that they will not fire on peaceful crowds and will uphold freedom of expression.
Any ouster